Sunday, 13 October 2013

The Proposal


Film Name - 2:14 We are told the film name so late into the trailer so that people do not forget it. Being at the end of the trailer makes it more memorable. The name also gives a big hint as to what the film will be about. 

Actors - 2:03 We are told the stars names so late into the trailer through the use of a voice over so that people do not forget them. However, both Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds are very recognizable people, as they both appear in the genre multiple times. Fans of both stars will want to come and see the film. They are both introduced with a sort of tag line, as for each we are told that 'this is andrew', etc. We also see close ups of each to establish them in our audiences mind.

What ties action together - 0:08 These graphics on screen tells the viewer a bit more about the film, linking shots together so that the story is easier to follow.The font of these graphics shows that it is type writing on a computer screen, again relating to the office work environment.

Narrative - Throughout the trailer we see that Andrew (r.r) is running late for work. His boss is seen as a dominating woman figure (s.b). We then seen that his boss is in trouble and is about to get deported back to Canada. However, she makes Andrew pretend to be getting married to her so that she doesn't have to leave her job. Through some of the shots of when they go to their parents house we see that perhaps a romance is starting to blossom. Enigma code - do they end up together? Does Andrews boss Margaret get deported? Trailer makes use of a linear structure.

Music - Non-diegetic sound through the use of a soundtrack; Taking Care Of Business - Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Bam Boogie - Bent Fabric, Fool For Love - Stefy and Hot N Cold - Katy Perry. As well as this, there is a voice over that announces the name of the stars, as well as using genre specific lexis, such as 'Some proposals change you for better or worse.' The music is well known songs, as with most rom coms.
The trailer also makes use of diegetic sound, such as car horns, alarm clock, computer typing and telephones ringing - All of these diegetic sounds relate to an office work space. They add to the realism of the trailer too.

Timing - Fast paced, trying to fit a lot of information into a trailer that is just over two minutes long. 

Last frame - Comic element through family members, like with most rom coms - Also given a 'Coming Soon', showing that the film will be released shortly, builds excitement.

Iconography - Set in America, yellow taxi,
                    - Office setting - computer equipment, telephones, desks, office work wear
                    - Alaska - snow

Camera shots - Establishing shot of America, close ups used to see the emotion of a character, medium shots used to see body language of characters, as well as facial expressions.

Camera angles - Low angle shot shows the boss in a position of weakness as she might get deported.

Camera movement - tracking shots, panning shots

Research Trailers 


As I am going to be filming an office based Rom Com I felt that I should carry out some research into existing ones. Below is a few trailers that I am considering using for my research essay; 

1. The Proposal - A pushy boss forces her young assistant to marry her in order to keep her Visa status in the U.S. and avoid deportation to Canada.  (www.imdb.com)






2. How To Loose A Guy In 10 Days - Benjamin Barry is an advertising executive and ladies' man who, to win a big campaign, bets that he can make a woman fall in love with him in 10 days. Andie Anderson covers the "How To" beat for "Composure" magazine and is assigned to write an article on "How to Lose a Guy in 10 days." They meet in a bar shortly after the bet is made.  (www.imdb.com)




 



3. Bridget Jones's Dairy -  A British woman is determined to improve herself while she looks for love in a year in which she keeps a personal diary.  (www.imdb.com)






Wednesday, 9 October 2013

A2 Coursework Research 



Taken from: http://jezebel.com/5884946/the-crappy-lessons-of-romantic-comedies


"I hope the irony isn't lost on you," my sister said to me one day last February, "that this would make for an excellent start to a romantic comedy." I threw a pillow at her and went back to sobbing.
It was not lost on me. On the morning of January 3rd, I had started my doctoral research, a feminist analysis of romantic comedies, skipping off to the New York Library for the Performing Arts at Lincoln Center brimming with excitement and pride. And barely six weeks later, on the night of February 13th, the man I was madly in love with, a great guy with –- it must be said –- a less than perfect sense of timing, broke up with me.
I was a wreck. More than that, I was a wreck whose job it was to watch a minimum of half a dozen rom coms a week. I spent my days at the library, reading about the genre and taking regular weeping breaks that attracted pitying glances from the circulation desk clerks. I spent my nights in bed with my laptop, watching as Kate and Katherine and Meg and Julia and Drew all found true love, taking notes and nursing my very broken heart.
My life had very quickly started to resemble the very genre I was studying. A feminist rom com scholar is dumped by her wonderful boyfriend on the night before Valentine's Day and has to spend the next year (or three) studying movies in which love always –- always -– conquers all? My sister was right: it was a perfect set up for a romantic comedy.
Of course, in many ways, my life looked nothing like a romantic comedy. For one thing, in a romantic comedy, I would weigh about thirty pounds less than I currently do. I would be clumsy, in an endearing, humanizing sort of way. My apartment would be impeccably decorated, not to mention unrealistically large for someone living on a grad student's meager stipend. Perhaps I would have a wise Black doorman, and a hilarious gay roommate -– or, to check all the token boxes at once, a sage and sassy gay Black roommate who has no job or love life of his own and no purpose on earth except to comfort and advise me. My wardrobe would be full of flattering dresses and snug designer jeans that, in real life, I could only afford if I eschewed buying groceries and paying my ConEd bill.
If this were a romantic comedy, in the aftermath of the breakup, my life would have become a montage lived to the music of Ingrid Michaelson or Sara Bareilles. I would have walked sadly down the streets of New York, in slow motion, watching happy couples canoodling as I walked alone in a chunky knit scarf. I'd have gone to dinner with my friends and faked laughter, or gone to dance or yoga class and gazed miserably at myself in the mirror (this would have been a great chance to demonstrate that, though I was heartbroken, I still looked really good in spandex).
Sad montage over, I would get back to work on my dissertation. I would read books about romantic comedies, go to screenings and take copious notes, all the while rolling my eyes at the endless stream of happily-ever-after resolutions, the grand take-me-back gestures, the running through airports to catch The One before he/she gets away. Comparing my own love life to Drew Barrymore's and Reese Witherspoon's, I would become bitter and cynical.
And then, one day, as the weather was becoming visibly more spring-like, I would meet a man. Based on my now quite extensive knowledge of contemporary rom coms, I'm pretty sure he would be a boorish, misogynistic film critic –- played, to quote Tina Fey, by "Gerard Butler or a coat rack with a leather jacket on it." We would keep showing up at all the same screenings, and he would be even more cynical about the genre than I was. He would scoff at how "chicks" are "so lame" and about how romance is for suckers. I would hate him instantly.
We all know what would happen next. Misogynist McGee and I would be continually thrown together, and over time I would melt his cold, hard, asshole exterior –- because in romantic comedies, men who appear to be misogynistic pigs are simply waiting for the right woman to prove to them that women deserve to be treated like human beings. We would fall for each other. My ex would realize the error of his ways, and ask me for another chance. Torn between the two men, I would decide to escape to insert-fantastic-international-destination-here to focus on my dissertation. And then, just as I was about to leave New York… Airport chase, key kiss, etcetera. This thing writes itself.
None of this actually happened, of course. Well, I did listen to a lot of Ingrid Michaelson, and I did, with some difficulty, carry on with my research and writing about romantic comedies. And, I do look pretty great in spandex. None of the predictable rom com stuff happened, though, because my life is not a romantic comedy, and neither is yours.
But in the aftermath of the breakup, as I carried on with my research, some small part of me allowed for the possibility of meeting, say, a charmingly awkward floppy-haired Englishman, between the shelves of the reference section. I didn't really expect it to happen, of course, but I didn't rule it out completely. And the more rom coms I watched, the more appealing it seemed to become. Despite my cynicism about the genre, despite the fact that I was writing a critical analysis of the romantic comedy, on some level I was expecting my love life to play out like one.
It's easy to dismiss romantic comedies as fluffy, mindless cinematic dreck, and some of them are just that. In every genre there are some well-made movies, and many more middling and awful ones. But there is such a thing as a good romantic comedy, even the most ardent chick flick-hater will agree. In fact, some of the most-loved movies of all time are romantic comedies: It Happened One Night, His Girl Friday, Annie Hall, When Harry Met Sally... It is true that in the last few years, the awful rom coms seem to outnumber the good ones, but that's not why people love to hate romantic comedies. They love to hate them because they're "chick flicks," made for and about women.
That's not why I dislike romantic comedies. Romantic comedies are made almost exclusively for and about women –- in fact, they're the only genre that is. I dislike them because regardless of any fluffiness or mindlessness, they are powerful pieces of popular culture. Rom coms furnish us with ideas and expectations about some of the most important things in life: love, work, friendship, sex, gender roles. And some of those ideas are worryingly sexist and regressive.
To say that the romantic comedies of the last decade have been noticeably sexist and regressive is an understatement. Movies like The Ugly Truth and The Proposal upped the ante on the well-worn trope of the highly strung and socially incapable single career woman. It is nothing new to suggest that a humbling at the hands of a modern-day Petruchio is the only cure for this particular disease. But in recent years, the shrews have become higher strung, the Petruchios more chauvinistic, and the humbling more humiliating than ever before. Remember how in The Ugly Truth, Gerard Butler's character reduces Katherine Heigl's character, a competent, professional and authoritative adult woman, to curling up in the fetal position in the closet of her office? And how she then she falls in love with him? Tamed, indeed.
More recently, romantic comedies have given us a great deal of graphic male nudity. Male nudity is a growing trend in the genre: in the last two years, we've seen the barely-clad bodies of Justin Long (Going the Distance), Jake Gyllenhaal (Love and Other Drugs), Ashton Kutcher (No Strings Attached) and Justin Timberlake (Friends With Benefits). In What's Your Number, Chris Evans' naked butt got more screen time than most of the supporting cast put together. This taste of a future in which we objectify men as we have for so long objectified women is not the kind of gender equality we were hoping for. Furthermore, from the neck down, these men all look remarkably similar –- white, very lean and extremely muscular –- and it would not be unreasonable to wonder what repeated exposure to these kinds of images is doing to women's ideas about the ideal male body, and to their expectations of the real men in their lives.
Last year's double feature of movies about casual sex -– No Strings Attached and Friends With Benefits -– is perhaps the best example of how romantic comedies tap into larger cultural conversations about gender politics. In the last five years, a vast amount of ink both, real and digital, has been spilled in arguing about whether sexual activity outside of a committed monogamous romantic relationship is bad for young women (no one seems to care that much about the effect on young men). In both these movies, casual sex doesn't work: people develop feelings, people get hurt, and in both instances, people conclude that the best sex happens within a committed, monogamous romantic relationship. Sex and love, they decide, are inseparable, and bad things happen when you try to have sex without love. It is no coincidence that these movies came out when they did, and it is certainly no coincidence that they ended the way they did.
You might think you're above the influence of these movies, that you're too savvy and cynical for your expectations and ideas to be shaped by them. I certainly thought I was, and maybe you are - but you're probably not. Romantic comedies shape the beliefs and expectations of even the most cynical and media-savvy among us, especially when they catch us at our most vulnerable.
This wouldn't be a problem, of course, if romantic comedies depicted women and men, and sex and love, in a positive and realistic way. But they don't. Romantic comedies teach us that a woman's life is empty and meaningless without a man, and that any woman who believes she is happy being single is simply lying to herself. They teach us that love is only for straight white people –- skinny, beautiful straight white people, at that. They teach us that men are sex-crazed, commitment-phobic animals who have to be manipulated into romantic relationships, and that when a man really loves a woman, he'll demonstrate his feelings with grand gestures that barely skirt the line between love and stalking.
It took my life very nearly turning into a romantic comedy to realize just how powerful this genre is, no matter how much we dismiss and belittle it. I understand now why so many women (and so many more men than will own to it) love this genre, and feel that it speaks to them, even if they know it's shamelessly manipulative or politically problematic. As emotionally grueling as it was, the time between this Valentine's Day and the last has made me a better scholar of the genre.
And, as brutal as the irony was, it could have been much worse. I could have been studying slasher flicks.

A2 Coursework Research 

Taken from: http://www.filmbug.com/dictionary/romantic-comedies.php

The Meet Cute 

One of the conventions of romantic comedy films is the contrived encounter of two potential romantic partners in unusual or comic circumstances, which film critics such as Roger Ebert or the Associated Press' Christy Lemire have called a "meet-cute" situation. During a "meet-cute", scriptwriters often create a humorous sense of awkwardness between the two potential partners by depicting an initial clash of personalities or beliefs, an embarrassing situation, or by introducing a comical misunderstanding or mistaken identity situation. Sometimes the term is used without a hyphen (a "meet cute"), or as a verb, as in "to meet cute."
In many romantic comedies, the potential couple comprises polar opposites, two people of different temperaments, situations, social statuses, or all three (It Happened One Night), who would not meet or talk under normal circumstances, and the meet cute's contrived situation provides the opportunity for these two people to meet.
In movies, the attraction between the lead characters must be established quickly. The subject matter of romantic comedies are the obstacles that the potential pair must face before they can acknowledge, fulfill, or consummate their love, and the audience must care about the relationship enough to finish the movie. The meet-cute, by virtue of its unusual situation, helps to fix the potential relationship in the viewers' minds, and the spark of the meeting is the impetus by which initial vicissitudes of the developing relationship are overcome.
 Certain movies are entirely driven by the meet-cute situation, and contrived circumstances throw the couple together for much of the screenplay. However, movies in which the contrived situation is the main feature, such as Some Like It Hot, rather than the romance being the main feature, are not considered "meet-cutes."
The use of the meet-cute is less marked in television series and novels, because these formats have more time to establish and develop romantic relationships. In situation comedies, relationships are static and meet-cute is not necessary, though flashbacks may recall one (The Dick Van Dyke Show, Mad About You) and lighter fare may require contrived romantic meetings.
The heyday of "meet cute" in films was during the Great Depression in the 1930s; screwball comedy films made a heavy use of contrived romantic "meet cutes," perhaps because the more rigid class consciousness and class divisions of this period made cross-social class romances into tantalizing fantasies.
While film critic Roger Ebert has popularized the term "meet cute" in his reviews of romantic comedies, the term is mostly used in the film and screenwriting industries, where it provides a convenient shorthand for screenwriters who are doing a very compressed pitch to a film production company.
In the film The Holiday (2006), Eli Wallach's character Arthur Abbott (a Hollywood screenwriter) described a meet-cute by saying "Say a man and a woman both need something to sleep in and both go to the same men's pajama department. The man says to the salesman, I just need bottoms, and the woman says, I just need a top. They look at each other and that's the meet-cute."

Examples in other films;

  • It Happened One Night throws runaway heiress Ellie (Claudette Colbert) and world-weary ex-reporter Peter (Clark Gable) together in a dispute over the last seat on a bus.
  • In Bringing Up Baby, nervous paleontologist David (Cary Grant) finds that his golf ball and his car get inadvertently driven by strong-willed heiress Susan (Katharine Hepburn).
  • In Singin' in the Rain, the character played by Gene Kelly is running through the street to try to escape from his fans. He is jumping from the roofs of cars and taxis, and he accidentally lands into a woman's convertible (Debbie Reynolds). Even though they do not get along at first, a romance ensues.
  • In Notting Hill, the character played by Hugh Grant accidentally spills orange juice on the character played by Julia Roberts, which leads them into a conversation.
  • In Serendipity, the characters played by John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale coincidentally grab the same pair of gloves at a Bloomingdale's store.
  • In The Wedding Planner, the character played by Matthew McConaughey saves a woman's life (Jennifer Lopez) when a runaway dumpster is heading towards her.
  • In The Holiday, Kate Winslet's character and Jack Black's character "...meet cute after she swaps her London home for the Los Angeles digs" of the character played by Cameron Diaz)

Monday, 24 June 2013

Piracy Issues Facing The Gaming Industry

Piracy Issues Facing The Gaming Industry


What is piracy?


Video game piracy can be defined as the downloading of a game, where the only purpose is to get it for free with no intention of paying.


How does it affect the gaming industry? 


Illegally downloading files from various sources or websites, such as torrents etc - One example of this is with PC gaming, where some companies, such as EA Sport, now deem it too risky to produce games for this specific platform as they tend to be easier than with consoles to torrent and download the files illegally, making it less profitable for them. Many programmers, and various other people who work on the production of these games, loose out on their fair share of what the profits for the total sales should have been. Because of piracy production for certain games on certain platforms has been stopped, and future titles will not be released on them, as it is no longer profitable to make them.
Another example of this comes from the 'modding' of Xbox's, which allows gamers to play pirated games. Modding has become easy and convenient, so that many people can now illegally download and play games, no matter what their background is, resulting in a loss of profit and sales for Microsoft.


How can piracy be combated?


When Microsoft recently unveiled their plans for the new console, Xbox One, they intended to make games only available through download from the online Xbox market place. This would totally eradicate hard copies of games from the shelves of stores, which would in turn combat the idea of being able to lend and share games with your friends. However, after realizing how ludicrous an idea this was, they listened to the response that they had been getting. Many people who play games do not have access to an internet connection, or perhaps can't afford Xbox live. How would they, then, be able to download games? This idea of downloading games is not a very practical idea, and so it may be near impossible to stop piracy.
 





Thursday, 20 June 2013

Video Game Genres

Video Game Genres


Within the video gaming industry there are many different genres due to the diversity of games. (May also include hybrid genres). Below are a few examples;

  • Action and adventure - A hybrid genre that combines some of the puzzle-solving elements of the adventure genre with more active elements from the action genre.



  • Platform - A video game that requires the player to jump through suspended platforms or over obstacles. 





  • FPS - First person shooter - a type of computer game in which the player aims and shoots at targets, and the graphics displayed are seen from the viewpoint of the shooter.



 
  • RPG - Role-playing game - A game in which players assume the roles of characters and act out fantastical adventures, the outcomes of which are partially determined by chance, as by the roll of dice.


  • Puzzle - A genre of video game in which the main goal is to solve puzzles or fit pieces together to keep the game going.


  • Arcade - Game play inspired by a traditional coin-op arcade game. Arcade games usually have very little puzzle-solving, complex thinking, or strategy skills needed; they focus upon reflexes.




  • Driving/Racing - Driving a vehicle is a main game play element. Usually some type of race element, where you try to be faster than an opponent. 



  • Sports - The player is given control of individual athletes. 

Tuesday, 18 June 2013

Positive Portrayal of Female Characters

Positive Portrayal of Female Characters 


Below is a link to a webpage that gives a run down of the top ten female characters within video gaming who are portrayed in a positive way. These ten video game characters can be seen as female role models, and are not just identified by their lack of clothing, but actually by what they do. These female games characters seem to embody much of the female dignity, and actually appear to dress appropriately for the situations they are in, which is probably a god send!
This top ten is in contrast to the normal top charts of female gaming characters, that are normally centered on being the 'hottest' or the 'sexiest'.